Critical Movie Review Psychology: Girl, Interrupted Essay

Basic Movie Review â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† This film spins around a young lady named Susanna during the 1960s who is encountering mental issues and winds up in a psychological establishment. Her excursion centers around her relationship with a few of different patients and medical caretakers. From the start she doesn’t accept she is sick, and opposes her treatment, rather get to know another patient, Lisa, who takes her on numerous undertakings inside and outside of the medical clinic. Lisa drives her down an inappropriate way which closes in the demise of a previous patient. This occasion drives Susanna down the correct way and she plunges into concentrating on making herself well. The lead characters incorporate Susanna, a young lady with marginal character issue. She doesn’t realize what she needs to do or where to go throughout everyday life. She ends up conceded into a psychological foundation subsequent to taking a container of anti-inflamatory medicine and drinking a jug of vodka. Lisa is a â€Å"lifer† understanding in the ward, and she unmistakably has some significant character, social and mental issues. It was never unmistakably spoken what her finding was, nonetheless, a portion of different young ladies on the ward notice sociopath, and criminally crazy. She has no compassion for others around her except if it benefits her. She is manipulative and scheming. She utilizes the shortcoming of the brains in her hover to get what she needs. This interests Susanna, who becomes a close acquaintence with Lisa, to Susanna, she embodies opportunity. Another character is Valerie, a person of color, and head medical caretaker of Susannas ward. She doesn’t take any lip, and is an exceptionally solid mother figure in the story. Valerie is a single parent, and I accept this adds to her quality with managing the young ladies in the ward. There are a few mental issue portrayed in Girl, Interrupted. Susanna has marginal character issue. This was depicted well overall, thinking about the clinical portrayal of the turmoil. She feels that time can move in reverse and forward, she often has flashbacks, is commonly negative, inclines toward the organization of men, though she is very wanton. Susanna likewise took a stab at self destruction by taking headache medicine and vodka, which is the thing that handled her in the clinic. Our book expresses that one thing marginal confusion victims do is dangers or endeavors at harming themselves for consideration. I accept that the discussion and endeavors at death are more a call for help than a longing to harm oneself. Lisa, well, she is course reading sociopathic. She is traditionally insane, and depicted well. Lisa has no sympathy or sentiments except if she can be profited. She hooks herself onto Susanna since she sees that Susanna can be controlled. Lisa shows a great deal of savagery and bogus dangers to demonstrations of viciousness. I likewise accept that Lisa cherishes the consideration, and aches for it. She additionally gets off on pressing people groups catches, to perceive how far she can push an individual. This was impeccably indicated when she and Susanna flee and remain with a previous patient, Daisy. Lisa presses Daisy’s catches to a point that she hangs herself. This was a defining moment in the film where Susanna understands that she needs and needs to show signs of improvement, just as having the option to perceive the truth about Lisa. Susanna at first has issues adapting to her analysis. She accepts that her being in the psychological emergency clinic is a ploy and an approach to conceal her by her folks. She doesn’t truly comprehend why she is how she is, or why she thinks the manner in which she thinks. Get to know Lisa, is her method of revolting in a little manner. She battles with her conclusion however after Daisy’s demise, she gets focused on showing signs of improvement. She utilizes the assets of the emergency clinic to move everything out into the open, which causes her to feel increasingly ordinary. Wynona Rider and Angelina Jolie made a phenomenal showing depicting Susanna and Lisa. Ms Rider has consistently been an awesome on-screen character and her look is flawless in depicting the disquietude of Susanna. You truly start to accept and feel what Susanna feels. One starts to comprehend the torment and enduring that Susanna is experiencing. She needs to fit in, possibly to an extreme. However she wouldn't like to resemble her mom. She needs to appear as something else. She is undecided. Ms Jolie, well, she gets the Oscar for having the option to show how brilliant an insane individual can be. Here and there we think about an individual with a psychological issue as slobbering and head slamming. Lisa is savvy. She sees the world like no other individual can see it. Lisa accepts this is a bit of leeway, that she can see the genuine truth. Ms Jolie put you directly in the center of that picture and nearly made one hesitant to make their way for an outsider. I love this film. It has been in my assortment for a considerable length of time and I have watchedâ in commonly. This time through however, I was truly centered around the girls’ conduct and the side effects they showed. I’ve consistently thought this film concerned me a ton, helping me to stifle a portion of the sentiments I have in some cases, and uncovering that I have to remain on my medications too. It additionally causes me realize that â€Å"crazy† isn’t consistently â€Å"crazy† and that there is an approach to recover, and remain well.

Comparison of Two Kinds of People

Among the incredible assorted variety one finds in the encompassing scene, some unmistakable kinds of individuals stick out and permit order, correlation, and differentiation between and among them. Be that as it may, there are some intriguing acts of looking into rebellious individuals; such exercises might be exceptionally gainful for systematic reasoning. Subsequently, the subjects of the current paper have been arbitrarily picked with no mix by classification. Publicizing We will compose a custom exposition test on Comparison of Two Kinds of People explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A lawmaker and a researcher will be contrasted concurring with certain qualities they may share practically speaking, and the incongruities in exercises, style of reasoning and observation they may have. No particular delegate of the sort is taken for instance, and all surmisings are made based on speculations and cliché dreams of the regular agents of the sort. A lawmaker is an o pen individual, as opposed to a researcher who as a rule manages his/her logical examinations and studies in a lab or bureau. This is the primary contrast of lawmakers and researchers; the previous must be out in the open spots, convey their assessments and contemplations to masses of individuals, and consistently stay in the focal point of broad communications consideration. Researchers are typically known by their works, and there are just a predetermined number of individuals who knows them face to face. Be that as it may, these days the circumstance has changed definitely, with the increasing broad communications sway on a wide range of exercises. There are numerous researchers who direct dynamic social and edification work, so they frequently become open characters also. Correspondingly to the lawmakers who carry their political plan to the country or the center gathering and attempt to draw in devotees and supporters, researchers may likewise be keen on emerging interest and c onsideration regarding some logical discoveries or studies, consequently performing open introductions, giving meetings and question and answer sessions and so forth. Another rule for correlation might be found in the disposition to reality by the two sorts of individuals. Researchers are the dynamic searchers of reality, and they for the most part dedicate their lives to the mission of verified realities and disclosure of normal laws. Lawmakers have a discretionary mentality to reality, as they without a doubt control it for their individual political interests. Government officials continually represent reality introduction the focal point of their political consideration as they guarantee they battle for its security and rebuilding, they are guided uniquely by trustworthiness and so forth. In any case, as training appears, legislators regularly misrepresent their commitment to the laws of truth, law and confidence, and frequently need to cover certain realities so as to keep up t heir positive open image.Advertising Looking for paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One more measure picked for correlation is the impression of the activity these two sorts of individuals have. Lawmakers are viewed as the first class gathering of individuals related with extravagance, riches, and status. The political field of movement is generally connected with genuine, lofty positions and high stakes of the political plays. The gathering winning the race for the dominant part in the legislature, or the official who figures out how to turn into a Senator or Minister, should get tremendous benefits from such new arrangements. Researchers, conversely, are viewed as progressively roused to work as their very own result tendencies to logical disclosure, and they are thought to win very little, in any event, for amazing revelations. It is clearly not the situation for cutting edge nations, for example, th e USA, Canada and Western Europe †these nations encourage their abilities and give satisfactory compensation to their discoveries. It is as yet an issue in less created nations where the commitment of researchers is still underestimated. As should be obvious from the current correlation, various types of individuals that may appear to share nothing for all intents and purpose can in any case be thought about. As on account of a government official and a researcher, there are a few models that obviously suit for describing the two sorts of individuals talked about. The mentalities to life and calling, the focal ideas of their discernment, just as the idea of their work may turn into the reason for examination, uncovering both normal and various qualities. This paper on Comparison of Two Kinds of People was composed and put together by client WildChild to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Write an analysis of 2000 words of one of the following Hong Kong Essay

Compose an examination of 2000 expressions of one of the accompanying Hong Kong films - Essay Example In addition the military craft of Kung Fu generally acclaimed in China is found to go about as a typical trick piece for some Chinese, Japanese and Hollywood movies. Further perception made proposes that the Chinese military fine art, Kung Fu has earned a figure explanation. With Kung Fu for the most part manly bodies with high force muscles acquiring a dynamite vision is for the most part attached to. In this manner, the military specialty of Kung Fu has been related to a body sort joined by substantial audio cues like screams and crashes. To this degree, it is discovered that the Chinese combative techniques films are the results of a culture blend. (Chase, 2-3). The combative techniques utilized in the Chinese film industry in the late 1960s radiated from the strategies utilized by the Samurai type of Japanese Martial Art. Research made recommends that in the prior times of Hong Kong film industry the Chinese type of military craftsmanship attracted an anecdotal importance to that of the western activity films. In addition it was discovered that the Kung Fu type of Chinese military workmanship was mixed with other realistic instruments, for example, parody, trick and activity filled jokes. Indeed, even it is seen that film stars who were already notable for their military workmanship aptitudes currently utilizing less of military craftsmanship abilities and concentrating on indicating tricks and jokes. The degree of tricks utilized in the Hong Kong activity films owes their commitment with the impact of Chinese Opera on the battling stars. Be that as it may, it is perceived that still the battling movement has a nearby similarity to the conv entional combative techniques structure. The Kung Fu type of military workmanship discovers its association with the Southern piece of the Chinese republic. Northern China was progressively worried about the coming of blade battling strategies utilized in real life films. Be that as it may, the utilization of Kung Fu in the Hong Kong activity films has helped the films gain a worldwide notoriety in a limited ability to focus time. The Kung Fu films

The Truth About Rap Drastically Changing Society - Free Essay Example

â€Å"Hey, Slim, that’s my girlfriend screamin’ in the trunk, but I didn’t slit her throat, I just tied her up†(Eminem). Rap music is a bad influence on teenagers, and plays a huge role in many kids lives (Abdul-Karim). It creates kids being violent, with the influence of violent context in songs that lead to drug or alcohol abuse (Abdul- Karim). According to Dr. Brian Primack from The University of Pittsburgh, â€Å"A person comes across 251 references of drugs per day in rap music† (Acharya). A 1986 context analysis of forty hours of rap music, sex and violence was linked to 80% of all rap music (Hattemer). Today’s rap music lyrics are meaner, and more explicit talking about sex, hatred, drugs and violence (Ford). An audience listening to rap music does have an effect by hearing all the terrible references a rapper says including sexual and drug references that impact the youth. It’s reported that listening to violence or drug use songs, kids are more likely to be violent or try drugs. The development of rap music all began in the 70’s by a Jamaican vocalist, DJ U-Roy: he had three top ten songs and a style called toasting (Adaso). Eventually, rap started to evolve into a masterpiece in the late 80’s. Whodini, however, was the first group to shoot a rap music video and release it to the public. Then in the early 90’s, Ice Cube and Easy E took a turn and started to rap and release music about growing up and their early years as opposed to other rappers, who rapped about the gangsta lifestyle (Whit). In the mid 90’s Dr. Dre and Snoop Dog made an album named Doggystyle, which was the first album to enter Billboard chart at #1; a year after that, Ready To Die by Notorious B.I.G was one of the biggest albums released in rapping industry. In the early 2000’s, a new face came into the rap world: Eminem. He was the first white rapper, who competed in rap battles in Detroit. He was then founded by Dr. Dre, who started his career and later on released one of his first albums Encore, that went four-times platinum and would change the rap game entirely. Female rappers—such as Nicki Minaj and Queen Latifah—have led many females to the rap industry to inspire more female rappers to hit the platforms and pursue their dreams. There are many unmeaning-full rappers including Asap Rocky, Kendrick Lamar and Drake, who just rap about superficial things: money, drugs, and violence (Whit). The evolution of rapping has change into a phenomenon and has changed the way music has been interpreted, creating more violent kids by the lyrics of music. The media plays a huge part in violence in our community (Abdul). Rap lyrics discuss violence as a part of an exciting and dangerous lifestyle, which makes the youth get influenced and listening more to these rappers (Jackson). Rap lyrics are over-exaggerated to attract mainstream viewers like kids; the Black Youth Project conducted a research project that revealed that 58% black youth and 23% white youth listen to rap (Archarya). Rap music corrupts kids with all of the violent altercations in them. Black youths have a higher rate to listen to rap music because of their surroundings and where they live. Most black teens are raised around rap music because that’s part of their lifestyle, but it affects how teens act with all the violent abuse in the songs. Research done at Western Connecticut State University â€Å"found that those who listen to music with violence lyrics are more likely to be violent† (Jackson). In 30 rap songs documented by a student, there were 396 references of violence, which evens out to be 13.2 references per song. In the song â€Å"Billy† by 6ix9ine, one can expect to hear: â€Å"Get the f**k up out of my f***ing face before I murder you.† One can also hear, â€Å"Seven shots-shots-shots-shots-shots-shots n***a, errybody get pop-pop-popped n***a.† Violence is learned as a kid, and one of the things influencing violence is rap music. Rap is played all around young kids, which exposes them to violence and abuse. Rappers make songs that promote violence as a riveting event. Kids shouldn’t be around music like that. Violence has increased drastically in the past two decades, and most of it is from rap music. Rap music has influenced drug and alcohol abuse in the past two decades. Rappers positively portray drug abuse (Preidt). There have been many different things for rappers to rap about; anything from the dangers of crack and cocaine to glorify the use of weed, is present in rap music (Preidt). According to Dr. Brian Primack from the University of Pittsburgh, â€Å"A person comes across 251 references of drugs per day listening to rap music† (Acharya). Furthermore, a study by researchers at the University of California, found that there was a sixfold increase in drug references in songs over the past two decades (Preidt). In 30 songs, there were a total of 252 drug and alcohol references, which is a total of 8.4 references per song. The song â€Å"Young Wild and Free† by Snoop Dog and Wiz Khalifa states: â€Å"Roll one, smoke one when you live like this, you’re supposed to party.† In the song â€Å"So High† by Wiz Khalifa, he sings â€Å"I get so high, and I be floating, I get so high.† He also affirmed, â€Å"Tell a n***a, use a grinder for that weed, straight THC, uh huh.† Drug references are heard each day by kids who believe to be like these rappers who smoke weed, party, and drink. Most rappers talk about smoking marijuana and sipping on jin and juice, which is a terrible influence on kids who are exposed to rap music. This increases the chance of drug and alcohol use by kids and could potentially affect their entire lives. Many rappers want to gloat about how much money they have, â€Å"by boasting† in the lyrics or music videos. Rappers want to gain an audience by attracting people with things that they have that an average person doesn’t have (Armoudia). Brad Jordan, a rapper, says he raps â€Å"to flex and gain an audience which makes me more money, that’s how it works†(Jones). In 30 songs, there was 234 references about money which is 7.8 references a song. The song â€Å"10 Freaky Girls† by Metro Boomin, shows many references to money and having boats, cars and girls. If a person would listen, (the person) would hear, â€Å"Hangin off my earlobes is a rock.† â€Å"I got 10 freaky girls on a yacht.† In the song called â€Å"I Mean It† by G-Eazy, he states, â€Å"If I ever said I’m getting money just know I mean it.† In the song â€Å"Womp Womp† by Valee he states, â€Å"Pockets so fat that I need Bally total fitness,† stating that he has so much money in his pockets, that he needs to spend it and get rid of it. Songs like these show kids and adults the opposite of what should really happen with peoples money. Rappers talk a lot about buying random things and not being smart with money, but in reality, kids should save their money. Many rappers talk about things most people want in their life, and people like to dream about being rich; clearly, many of these rappers have expensive things and rap about it for the gain of fans. Many rappers also are uncaring and care about the money and fame, which sometimes make people dislike the rapper; indeed, there is definitely a difference in the music rappers make, when they love what they do as a living more then just trying to make the money and blow up on the internet. Money can really control people especially rappers, as one can make millions off just one song, and they truly don’t care what they say as far as violence or hatred. Rappers want to have popularity. Rappers gain this popularity in part due to their money and from the public outcry of the morbid things they say. However, not all rap is bad; in fact most of rap has some good things in it. These positive things are overshadowed by terrible lyrics including sexual content (McCall). Hip hop and rap music have a negative impact on the sexual decisions of the youth because they hear explicit lyrics and think it’s okay to imitate or do the actions they hear (Acharya). Many people say how lyrics are truly not that bad. In reality, there are many awful lyrics. In a article from Medium it states â€Å"Because sex appears all throughout media, the public has, for the most part, become numb to it† (Acharya). In research conducted by a student on 30 different songs, there was 324 references on sex which equals out to 10.8 references per song. In the song â€Å"Womp Womp† by Valee, there is many references to sexual content, including, â€Å"She’s a slobber, all on my knob, corn the cobber, sweet thing and that p***y taste like peach cobbler.† He also states in the song: â€Å"F**k her twice, cum, cum.† In another song called â€Å"Billy† by 6ix9ine, says â€Å"Little sick b***h, lickin on my d**k tip, she a freak hoe.† Many sexual references in rap songs are used multiple times repetitively by a rapper. This is used to pull in listeners. There has been a huge increase in kids listening to rap music and with lyrics containing sex and the mistreatment of girls and boys; it can affect how they behave in a good and bad way. Rap is the central part of a powerful cultural movement hip-hop that influences the way kids walk, talk, dress and think (McCall). Kids hearing rap music a thousand times a day becomes a part of their nature and attitude (Abdul). Kids hearing the horrid lyrics of rap music try to imitate groups of rap; in reality kids have no idea what these songs truly represent (Torres). In 30 songs, there were a total of 198 references to social change which is about 6.6 references per song. In the song â€Å"Young Wild and Free† by Wiz Khalifa, it states â€Å"Sagging my pants, not caring what I show.† There has been an impact on what clothes kids wear by the songs they hear, including how kids wear these clothes. For example, kids started to wear pants up to the waste, but recently kids wear them to there knees; stated by Wiz Khalifa in the song â€Å"Young Wild and Free.† Many rappers have a platform where they influence many kids, and for that they should provide better lyrics so the society changes into the good not the bad. Today kids are encouraged by rappers and behave on what they hear, it’s proven that kids will act on what they hear which include how kids wear their hats, or even wearing drug rugs. Rappers have such a large impact on kids that it’s been changing society; rappers need to have a better understanding on wh at they say. Rap influences the youth in a bad way and in a total of 30 songs there was a total of 1,404 atrocious references that are exposed to kids day-to-day. Rap can appeal to kids by the lyrics and can influences them in negative way; teens with all the adverse references in today’s music can become or act like these artists. It’s proven that the more kids who are exposed to violent songs applying sexual content, are more likely to be violent and execute sexual content. In today’s society there isn’t much people can do about explicit music except putting regulations or to not play rap music on the radio. This would decrease the amount kids hear rap music per day and would dramatically affect the society in a good way. Rappers need to stop using explicit lyrics and miss using words to gain an audience because it is affecting kids drastically on their manner of life.

How The Signs That Can Be Present Within These Phenomena

Photography in itself, is a means of communication, it can be used in a variety of ways in order to narrate the world around us [Campbell, D (2010)]. As a species, humanity itself has proven to be visual beings, creating pictures across a variety of mediums in order to express ourselves and represent what is happening in the world around us. Images, whether they be paintings, drawings, or photographs, have played and continue to play a very important part in our society, as everyone is able to understand the image and interpret the story from it, despite barriers such as language which may prohibit initial communication, and the work of scholars and anthropologists, and even consumers of visual culture work tirelessly to decrypt and derive meaning from these mediums [Perlmutter, DD (2003)]. Analysis and understanding of the signs that can be present within these phenomena is known as ‘semiotics’, which is derived from the Greek word semeion, for ‘sign’. It c an be applied across a broad range of cultural mediums used in communication. Semiotics stresses the open-ended possibilities for any interpretation and the indeterminacy of meaning that can be taken from visual cues, and within photography, signs and visual communication of a story is paramount [Semiotics (2010)]. But is photography, in particular, landscape photography, able to convey the fullness of a story, and can everyone interpret the images and signs within those images the way they were meant to be understood, orShow MoreRelatedThe Double Edged Sword : Myth And Reality Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesnotion of a myth within material culture while reinforcing the idea of semiotics and unveiling the system behind it. Myth, for most people, is considered a kind of story or tale of history that might have some truth to it. When thinking of myth, we may recall tales of Hercules and Oedipus as well as cultural or religious phenomena such as the rebirth of Christ. 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The Invention of the Automobile Essay - 1357 Words

Since the development of the steam engine people had been interested in creating self-powered vehicles, this manifested during the industrial revolution as the train. However, as time went on people became interested in creating a vehicle that wasn’t confined to tracks. The earliest attempts were moderately successful but served little practical purpose. Automobiles first began to truly spread with the invention of the electric motor which created cheaper, more powerful, and safer automobiles. Still the automobile still had numerous problems and were mainly in the hands of the rich. It was the development of the internal combustion engine and the assembly line that was truly able to create a practical vehicle that could be used by all and†¦show more content†¦Many other people continued the development and improvement of electric automobiles and for a time electric automobiles were the preferred type of Automobile because of their quiet ride, quick start-up, and lack of pollution. In fact electric automobiles held the land speed record well into the early 1900’s. However, they began to decline in the early 1900’s because of the increased prevalence and efficiency of the internal combustion engine. The invention and use of the internal combustion engine was a pivotal point in the history of the automobile. The first attempt at an internal combustion engine was in 1673 by Christian Huygens, using gunpowder as the fuel source, though it was basically worthless as you had to open the engine up and put new gunpowder in it after every single stroke (The Fuel Engine). This lack of a fuel for internal combustion engines sidelined its development for a couple hundred years. In 1860 Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir built the first effective internal combustion engine using natural gas (Bottorff). The ignition of the gas would create a vacuum and the resulting pressure difference between the vacuum and the atmosphere would drive the power stroke (Bottorff). This gas-atmospheric engine, as it is known, was an effective system capable generating 20hp, still it was imperfect. It was further improved with the developmentShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Automobile2373 Words   |  10 PagesAu tomobiles are arguably one of the most important inventions in the history of the world. Not only have they allowed us to get from point A to point B in a faster fashion than walking but they have also aided us in new inventions that will greatly benefit the world. Before the birth of the automobile, people had few choices of transportation that could actually get them to a specific location of their choosing. Railroads and boats were modes of transportation that were mainly used for travellingRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Invention of the Automobile, A Turning Point in History One could argue that one of the best inventions of the 1900’s was the Model T Ford or Tin Lizzie. The invention of the automobile has certainly left an indelible mark on the American Society. Consequently, the automobile has become the center of an extraordinary industry with the assembly lines and mass production techniques. These elements have essentially revolutionized the automobile industry. The Model T Ford made car travel affordableRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe automobile has become one of the most important parts of daily life. Life as we know it would be altered without them. Without cars the simplest trips would take longer. Cars make life easier. Automobiles have improved throughout history and continue to improve as time goes on. The invention of the automobile cannot be credited to just one man or woman. â€Å". It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile.† (inventors.about.com). In the later 1700s, Engineers began to experimentingRead MoreThe Invention of the Automobile1798 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the early invention of the automobile from the second industrial revolution, humans have taken granted for the convenience of this technological advancement. In most developed countries and urban cities like Vancouver, owning an automobile vehicle or taking any forms of transportation has become a norm and an essential element in order to operate our every day life. It is difficult to imagine a day without a transportation tool in our modern society: as a student, we need to commute toRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile1751 Words   |  8 PagesContrary to popular belief Henry Ford did not invent the automobile, or the assembly line. More than any other individual he was responsible for transforming the automobile from an Invention of unknown utility into an innovation that profoundly shaped the 20th century and still To this day continues to affects our live. Innovators change things, they take their own ideas, And sometimes other people’s, and develop and promote those ideas until it has become accepted As part of our daily lives. InnovationRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile Industry Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitely the biggest invention on history changing the way humans transport. In the past, there were no vehicles and therefore people used to walk while only the few lucky had the privilege of enjoying a horse ride. There were also horse wagons which were made in order to increase the number of persons who could be carried (Lynn, 54). However, in the year 1907, Henry Ford invented the first car model which was referred to as T model, that allowed everyone to own a automobile. In this paper I willRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile Industry1622 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a well known proverb that applies to many industries that goes â€Å"Necessity is the mother of all invention,† but, when it comes to the automobile industry it’s hard to say necessity was the main driving force, as opposed to, say, money. The mechanics of an automobile, and most other power-based machines, revolve around the invention of the internal combustion engine in the early 1860’s and it’s later commercialized application; at first it was more of a luxury item but soon after investorsRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile Industry1450 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: One of the most innovative inventions of the 19th century was the invention of the automobile. It is clear that the automobile industry has changed the way people and goods travel. The industry basely existed until a man named Henry Ford made the automobile accessible to the public. He put into full motion what we now know today as the automobile industry. Henry Ford had both changed the automobile industry, as well as the manufacturing industry. Ford did this with the way he used theRead MoreInvention of the Automobile Essay2494 Words   |  10 PagesInvention of the Automobile In the beginning, man’s only form of transportation was his own feet. Later, to comfort his journey on foot, was the invention of footwear. Through envy of the speed of other animals he would learn to tame these animals. People who live in the desert ride atop camels. The people who live in the frigid climates travel by dogs. Some people from places like India ride elephants. But the must widely used form of transportation by animal power was by horse. Man wouldRead MoreThe Invention Of The Automobile Industry1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe automobile industry is said to have its beginnings dating to the 19th century. Gottieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, of Germany, fitted their engine into a stagecoach in 1886 (Kindersley, 2011, 10). They were both successful at creating the first four-wheeled, gas-engine vehicle. It reached a top speed of ten miles per hour. Each engine was still being fitted into stagecoaches (Kindersley, 2011, 10). The industrial revolution introduce d a wide array of new ideas for the automobile. The ideas ranged

Information Technology Risk Management Case Study of NSW Government

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Information Technology Risk Management of NSW Government. Answer: Illustrated diagram of current security risks and concerns considered by NSW government Explanation of the diagram The diagram consists of Risk assessment, Information security management system and information security risk. NSW government is concern of the information security system in order to reduce the security based risks (Gladstone 2014). The components of Information security risks are as followed: Malware infection, theft, social engineering and eavesdropping. The NSW government follows the codes in terms of treating the risks. During risk assessment NSW government considers certain terms such as risk identification, risk analysis, evaluation of the risks and documentation of the risks. The information security management system of NSW government manages the deliberate threats and accidental and environmental threats (Sadgrove 2016). Deliberate threat is again consists of internal threats such as Industrial action, social engineering and pirated software and external threats consists of Denial of services, web site intrusion, unauthenticated access, unauthorized access of data etc. On the other hand, accidental threat consists of internal threats such as faulty communication, user error, operational staff error etc and external threats such as software error and transmission level error (Sadgrove 2016). The access risk method serves at both code and ISMS. Threats Risks Rate Deliberate 1. DOS 2. Unauthorized denial of access 3. Industrial action 4. Website intrusion 5. Pirated software High Medium Medium low Low Low Accidental 1. Software error 2. Technical fault 3. User errors High Medium low Low Comparative analysis of deliberate threats and accidental threats Organizations all over the world are getting aware of the requirement to run a security management program in order to increase the information security system. Risk and security management includes merged activities that give direction and enough control to the risks occurring within the organizations (Gladstone 2014). Any asset that is valuable to the organization needs protection but threat is a potential that creates unwanted harm to the systems of the organizations (NSW Government Digital Information Security Policy | NSW ICT STRATEGY 2016). The most favorable targets of the hackers are government websites. Deliberate threat is also referred to as manmade threat, as most of the cases in generates due to different manmade actions. This threat can destruct and manipulate the content of the instances such as software, hardware and other data storages. None of the outsiders rather disgruntled employees, consultants, agents, and even consumers can also resultant to deliberate threats. Davies, Bergami and Miah (2016) stated that, deliberate threat misbalances the core security structure of an organization by leading loss of availability, authenticity, reliability, confidentiality, accountability and integrity. Deliberate threats includes snooping, spoofing, DOS (Denial of Services), eavesdropping, malicious codes etc. Lack of physical security, logical access security, and communication between the ICT groups leads to deliberate attack. According to Sadgrove (2016), virus attack has been identified as the biggest security concern in ICT management. The rate of consequences of Website intrusio n is increasing rapidly due to the development of VPN (Virtual Public Network) and electronic business. One of the most common form of attack is known as accidental threat that generally causes by intentional or unintentional mistakes of the employees working for IS management system. According to Gladstone (2014), by system malfunction, different operational mistakes and software bugging accidental threats to the security system can be generated. Maintenance errors, installation errors also contribute direct or indirect security errors to the system. Threats might also create vulnerabilities that are related to errors and omissions (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Accidental threat can affect the availability of data or information whereas; faulty communication may also lead to loss of data confidentiality. Inadequate data redundancy, network management system, planning and implementation and unclear agreements outsourcing are other vital examples of accidental threats (Klaic and Golub 2013). In accidental threat confidential or secured data can be hacked without the permission of the int ended person. Huge number of factors can cause certain critical provision of services. Technical error, transmission errors and configuration error are the reason of accidental threat. According to importance ranking of threats From the comparative analysis, it can be said that, deliberate threat and accidental threat both are destructive in nature but still threat ranking may help to evaluate and determine when and where how to act on a particular target (NSW Government Digital Information Security Policy | NSW ICT STRATEGY 2016 ). From the impact of the threats the ranking can be defined. Ranking of the threats based on the importance On the basis of importance or concern, it has been found that the most important or high level threats occur from deliberate threat than accidental as accidental threat cannot sill be controlled but control on deliberate threat is not easy (Davies, Bergami and Miah 2016). From a comparative analysis it is determined that, the target proportion can be reasonably affect the threat within coming ten years whereas, in case of deliberate, accidental and environmental threats the impact of the threats in the security management system are as followed: Threats name Impact of the threats Ranking based on importance Deliberate In deliberate threat it has been found to be pervasive in its scope and it is capable to affect the target around most of the oat of its occurrences and population (Beatty and Shou 2015). Not only this but also the threat it can destroy or eliminate the target accordingly. Very high Accidental Accidental threat can degrade or reduce the target of the generations not only this but also with technical support target can be restored or retrieved, though practical afford is not possible. High Justification on ranking of the threats The analytical experiment on threat explained that, the method mainly discovered degree of direct or active and indirect or passive threats in terms of biodiversity target on the website of NSW government (Vaheed, Tahir and Burhanuddin 2015). It also includes set of criteria to define the systematic conservation of the threats. Deliberate threat is ranked as very high as it cannot be easily controlled by the NSW government and retrieval of data and target is also difficult whereas, in case of accidental threat data and target can be retrieved with certain technical support. Explanation of different challenges that NSW government is going to face during decision making on security or risk management Several risks are occurring in NSW government due to lack of security management system. These are as followed: Planning priorities: From the demographic perspective NSW government needs to put higher concentration on planning framework appropriately for economic growth but NSW government is lacking it (Sadgrove 2016). Data integrity: This is another major issue faces by NSW government due to lack of data security. As the level of security is not up to the mark therefore, acceleration of data is highly possible. Infrastructure of NSW: The security infrastructure of NSW government is not up to dated therefore, up gradation on specific sector is needed to be introduced to improve the IS system of NSW government (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Conceptual difference between Risk and uncertainty Risk Uncertainty It is referred to as situation with known probabilities. The number of size and possible outcome is also not pre determined. This is a situation with unknown probability (Peltier 2016). The number of problem size and possible outcome is either be pre determined or may not be. The amount of risk can be minimized by adopting different precautions (Gladstone 2014). Uncertainty cannot be minimized as per the requirement. Measurement is not possible. The measurement is possible It can be controlled It cannot be controlled Various approaches evaluated by NSW government for Risk management and mitigation In order to mitigate different kinds of risks that are occurring in NSW government they are adopting some mitigation processes. These are as followed: Sensitivity analysis: It contains a wide range of application for economical and financial feasibility (Gladstone 2014). It also helps to module operation and different maintenance frameworks. Risk survey: Whatever risks are occurring within NSW government, in order to mitigate that, risk survey is needed to be adopted. Probability analysis: Risk can be measured with the help of the probability assessment. The probability analysis can combat the issues (Davies, Bergami and Miah 2016). Event tree analysis: It is capable to identify the consequences of an initiating event. Thus NSW has implemented this. References Beatty, A. and Shou, M., 2015. Property:'Rebuilding NSW'on private land: Who has compensation rights?.LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal,2(6), p.92. Davies, A., Bergami, R. and Miah, S.J., 2016. Implications of managing health related records and relevant information systems within intergovernmental agencies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.00882. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Gladstone, W., 2014. Criticisms of science, social impacts, opinion leaders, and targets for noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ take zones led to cuts in New South Wales'(Australia) system of marine protected areas.Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,24(3), pp.287-296. Klaic, A. and Golub, M., 2013. Conceptual modeling of information systems within the information security policies.J Econ Bus Manage,1(4), pp.371-376. NSW Government Digital Information Security Policy | NSW ICT STRATEGY. (2016). Finance.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 16 August 2016, from https://www.finance.nsw.gov.au/ict/resources/nsw-government-digital-information-security-policy Pearce, M., Zeadally, S., Hunt, R. (2013). Virtualization: Issues, security threats, and solutions. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(2), 17. Peltier, T. R. (2016). Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Vaheed, M.M., Tahir, M.N.H. and Burhanuddin, M.A., 2015. ICT Project Failure in Government Sectors: Factors from Vendors Perspective.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,23(11), pp.2706-2712.

Seminole Patchwork Essays - Textile Arts, Sewing, Visual Arts

Seminole Patchwork ?Cross? or ?sacred fire?, ?arrow?, ?zigzag?, ?bird?, ?wave?, ?mountains? and ?diamondback rattlesnake? all have something in common. What do all of these names have in common? They are all names of Seminole patchwork designs. What exactly is patchworking? It can be defined as the process of sewing pieces of solid colored cloth together to make long rows of designs, which are then joined horizontally to other bands of cloth to form a garment (Downs, 1995, 88). This Native American artwork is closely associated with the Florida Seminoles. The history of this tribe and how they came to make patchwork garments is rather interesting. In making patchwork garments, things to be considered include how it is done (process), what elements of design are used, whom the garment is to be made for and who actually makes it. Presently, there are less artists in this craft and the future of patchwork may be at risk. Seminole patchwork has been done for over a century, and it's beauty and uniqueness n eeds to be revealed and recognized by Americans. The Seminole Indians were not always located in Florida. In the early 19th Century the Seminoles lived in the cool areas of Georgia. They wore animals hides and furs to keep warm. This all changed in 1830, when President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Policy of 1830, which forced the Seminoles to flee to Florida. In fleeing to Florida they left behind their homes, some relatives who refused to leave and their cool climate. In Florida, there was no longer a need for the warm furs and hides and they turned to the use of cloth. In 1840, they disappeared into the Everglades and lived there in peace, with no influences from other tribes. The Everglades were rich with exotic items that were worth a lot in trade markets. Once a year, the Seminoles would take a voyage on the Miami River to Miami. In Miami they could trade items such as alligator hides and egret plumes for rolls of cotton cloth. The Seminoles would use the cotton to make various pieces of clothing. One year, a voyag e could not be made to Miami to attain more cloth and the Seminoles were forced to use scraps of cloth, sewing them together to make a large piece of cloth or garment. These scrapped together garments were then called ?Taweekaache?, better known as patchwork. (Westermark ?Many Bad Horses) These patchwork garments brought tourists to the lush, tropical setting of the Everglade area. Tourists flocked to see the Seminole Indians and to buy their patchwork pieces. The process of making these garments was rather slow and somewhat complicated (Blackard and West, Downs, 1995, 85). A Seminole patchwork requires the maker to take/cut many pieces of clothe and then sew them together. The process of sewing, cutting, sewing and so on results in the making of complex geometric designs. There is a six-step process that illustrates how patchwork is done. This process is that of Nea Dodson, a modern day patchwork artist. The pattern is very simple, but is one that is good to get your feet wet in patchmaking. This process is the same used by the original Seminoles. 1.) Cut scraps into equal sized squares, making sure to be accurate. 2.) Next, cut a neutral fabric into long strips, which are as wide as the scrap squares. 3.) Sew the scrap squares between two strips of neutral fabric, like this. 4.) Cut strips apart so you now have a rectangle made of three squares: a square of neutral, a scrap square and another square of neutral. It is important that the edges are straight and the two neutral sides are even. 5.) Shift one rectangle down so that the top edge of the uppermost neutral square on the right is even with the top edge of the scrap square on the left. Sew the rectangles together. Keep adding rectangles in this manner. You will get a strip that looks like this. 6.) Keep adding rectangles until you have a strip as long as you want. Turn the strip so that the scrap squares are all on point (standing on one corner). Trim the upper and lower corners off the neutral squares (see

The future of an illusion essays

The future of an illusion essays Written in 1927, Freud notes that The Future of an Illusion is a book written in regard to the present and future state of religion, with a particular focus on the progression of religion rather than one specific event. Also, the book centers less on religious practices and rituals, and more on a firm belief in God. The book appears to be based around one assumed fact: that human life exists in a natural world, which does not always treat us so friendly. Though it is our natural world that has created and nurtured us, it will constantly attempt to destroy our specie through diseases, natural disasters and other forms of defeat. The situation or relationship of humanity to nature is one of the children to the parents. In response to natures threats, we have created groups and communities in an attempt to gather and create a civilization of people, though it should be noted that this does not come without a price. Freud asserts that when one enters a community, they must sacrifice many of their personal desires and exercise a great deal of restraint. For example, one can not kill simply out of rage, and one can not have intercourse with a married other, these natural instincts must be restrained. Yet, despite all of this sacrifice and restraint exercised, we are forever helpless in the face of nature. In the perpetual battle between humans and nature, sickness and death will always win in the end. Moving on, Freud notes that this unhappy reality does not sit well with many people. In fact, it destroys what many hold closest to their heart: a sense of ultimate protection by a father figure, which was often felt during childhood. Even as mature adults, many people long for that sense of security, despite knowledge that it does not exist. Freud notes that this is where the voice of religion enters, providing a childhood sense of security that can not be found elsewhere. Religious beliefs projec ...

Communities of practice and their contribution to organisational Essay

Communities of practice and their contribution to organisational learning - Essay Example According to Jeanand Etienne (1991, p21), learning is not dependent on whether the learner and the teacher has a common code and in most cases only requires a congruent participation of both the one seeking knowledge and the source in the same activities. Once different professionals within an organization come together, whether in a formal alliance (team) or informally, they are able to collaborate on projects and this increases productivity. For instance, if one professional has something they want to do, like if instance a project, they can bring together their resources, that is, knowledge and skills, to work on that project. Most of the collaborations within an organization are actually informal and the members are usually in the group because they enjoy working together and sharing ideas. In fact, according to Hasanali et al (2002, p.59), most organizations don not assess the usefulness of communities of practice until after the communities have set themselves and manifested th emselves in a good way. When employees within an organization come together to collaborate on projects, they are better able to share knowledge, skills and ideas. Apart from being able to deliver better work efficiently, collaboration in a firm is one of the most effective methods to manage an organization’s knowledge base. As the employees within the same domain of practice share information and pass on skills, they are more able to guarantee that the knowledge of the organization will remain in the organization. This can happen across all the departments of an organization as long as the collaboration is within one domain of profession. As Etienne (1998, p.4), says, such participation in collaborative teams defines what people do as well who we become and how we interact with what we do.? this is why communities of practice are so crucial within the organization as a tool to manage the organizational knowledge. At the same time, as Etienne et al, (2002, p.17), argued, commu nities of sharing are remarkably efficient implementing corporate strategy in the organization by bringing their ideas together. Experience sharing Within an organization, sharing experience is one of the ways in which communities of practice pass on their benefits to each other. This is probably one of the best forms of informal apprenticeship within an organization. One employee who is carrying out a project will be able to seek experience from others who have in the past achieved it. Again, this can also happen in any of the organization’s department and employees will benefit from the experience of others. For instance, if an employee is supposed to carry out some tasks such as advising a client on the best product to meet his needs, the employee can seek, among his or her community of practice in the organization, an individual who has done this in the past and then enlist their help. As the employee gets help from the other individual they will also be able to learn a l ot about the project they are carrying out. Reusing assets This refers to the fact that the individuals within a community of practice can and do use intellectual and knowledge assets that have already been made by members of the community of practice within the organization. For instance, if one accountant within an organiz

Critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of the Environment Essay

Critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of the Environment Agency (UK) in improving air quality in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The organisation plays a regulative role in reducing the emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere from huge industrial processes and thereby improving the air quality in the country. Recently, the agency has planned to extent its operational area to large scale agricultural activities too while giving exception to some agricultural activities that cause release of air pollutants. This paper will critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of UK’s Environmental Agency in promoting air quality in the country. Air pollution in UK Air pollution is a drastically growing issue in the United Kingdom at both local and national levels. Although the air pollution in UK has been better improved over the last decade, it still struggles with air quality issues. Official data indicate that CO2 emissions significantly contribute to the UK’s pollution issue. The UK Air Quality Strategy gives specific focus on emission of air pollutants including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, lead, o zone, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides (DEFRA, 2012). Road transport, fuel combustion, and industrial emissions are some of the major sources of air pollution in UK. Historically, the UK has been greatly suffering from sulphur dioxide and smoke emissions. Nowadays, traffic emissions are growing to be a potential impediment to the UK’s air pollution control efforts. Combustion of fossil fuels has an increasing impact on the UK’s urban air quality. As we mentioned above, air pollution has a range of negative effects on both health and environment. Even though moderate levels of air pollution are not likely to have any serious effect on a normal individual, continuous and long term exposure to air pollution may result in threatening health conditions including inflammatory and respiratory system failures. Air pollution more severely affects the long term sustainability of the environment. Emission of air pollutants like CO2 causes depletion of ozone layer and allows i nfrared and other harmful rays to enter the earth’s atmosphere. Such rays are dangerous to a number of ecosystems and therefore cause to destroy the balance of ecology. Researchers argue that air pollution can have devastating impacts on biodiversity and crop yields. In UK, several studies are being conducted to accurately explore the effects of air pollution on vegetation. Primarily, the UK has started its response to air pollution by the middle of the 20th century when issues like urban smog, black smoke, and sulphur dioxide had begun to threaten the country’s environmental safety. The United Kingdom started to monitor its air pollution issues on a national scale in 1961 (UK Air Pollution, 2003). In the strength of such initiatives, the country could notably reduce coal burning emissions to a great extent. When the country focused more on the reduction of combustion related emissions, transport sector grew to be the most potential source of air pollution in most regi ons of the UK. In order to effectively address this historic change, the UK government’s focus has progressively turned to traffic pollutants including ozone, fine particular matter, and nitrogen dioxide. Some data indicate that UK’s air monitoring networks have noticeably developed over the last two decades; but, this growth did not much contribute to air quality level improvement. Increasing awareness of environmental sustainability, UK’

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Example for Free

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay The American Dream is true equality and freedom of the citizens of The United States. In Maya Angelous I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, Marguerite struggles with the thought of feeling unwanted as a child and the discrimination against blacks. As Marguerite grows up, she experiences first-hand the cruelty of racism. Her struggles reflect on all the hardships the citizens of America went through when they were fighting for equality as well. It first started in 1607 when English settlers travelled to America for religious freedom. The freedom they sought out for eventually grew to be something more important than just religious freedom. Marguerite defies authority and segregation and eventually gains the equality she deserves. Even though the era of slavery has ended, segregation between blacks and whites were still present. The town that Marguerite lives in is separated from where the white population is and she barely knows what they are like and she wonders if they are even human. Early on in the story, Marguerite first experiences the cruelty of the local powhitetrash when her family is warned of the white men searching her town for a scapegoat. This causes her Uncle Willie to hide in a potato bin even though he is innocent. In chapter blank, Marguerite watches three white girls mock Momma and she feels anger towards their cruelty and unfairness. As Momma finds her crying in anger, this is the first time she felt the need to defy the white people and fight against them. This encounter foreshadows Marguerites future acts of defiance against white people, as the English settlers defied their kind and moves to America. Marguerites first true act of defiance was when she was working for a white woman named Viola Cullinan. Mrs. Viola Cullinan is rude and her friends mistreat Marguerite. In order for Marguerite to stop working for her, she broke her prized china. This was a sign of Marguerite finally taking a stand against being mistreated. Her resistance gains Marguerite back her pride and she is getting closer to the freedom that she yearns for. There are times in the story where Marguerite feels an extreme sense of pride for her and her people. At Marguerites graduation, a white man named Edward Donleavy degrades the black population by stating that they can only excel in sports. He causes the eighth grade class to feel ashamed of themselves because they feel unintelligent. Marguerite starts to regret the fact that Columbus discovered the new world and she wishes that he hadnt. She feels so embarrassed, but Henry Reed, the valedictorian of her class brings their spirit back up. He has the crowd sing the Negro National Anthem and as his speech ends, everyone feels great pride swell inside of them. Marguerite feels proud of her heritage and education and ignores what harsh words of Mr. Donleavy. Another time when Marguerite feels proud of the black population is when she envisions Ms. Henderson standing up to Dr. Lincoln. She pictures Ms. Henderson turning into a superhero and scaring Dr. Lincoln. She states that she feels proud to be her granddaughter. The American Dream cannot be fulfilled unless the people have an extreme sense of pride of who they are and their country. Marguerite’s feelings were the start of the journey towards equality between all races. Marguerite first experiences a sense of equality when she attends a school in San Francisco. All the students are rude to her and act as if she is inferior to all of them. On the other hand, Marguerite meets a teacher names Mrs. Kirwin who doesnt discriminate. She treats every single one of her students the same, no matter what their race is. She only remembers Mrs. Kirwin because she didnt treat her differently. Marguerite experiences one final act of equality when she runs away from her father. She discovers a mix of young teens consisting of several races working together in equality. They give her certain rules that allow her to appreciate diversity and how everyone is the same. For example, everyone must work and put in an equal amount of effort to survive. Like the American Dream, everyone living in the junkyard is equal and treated fairly. There was no oppression or segregation when Marguerite lived in the junkyard. As it says in The Declaration of Independence, every American citizen is endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights. In chapter 19, the Store is filled people listening to the boxing match with Joe Louis, a hero from the black population. When he wins, Marguerite feels that he proved that black people are powerful people. The black population develops a sense of hope, feeling that things will start to change because Joe Louis made a difference and because he is a black man. They feel as if they finally took a stand to all the unjust lynching and discrimination against blacks. Near the end of the story, Marguerite becomes the first black person to have a job as a streetcar conductor. At first, there was a policy forbidding any black person to have this job, but Marguerite fights and against all odds, she is successful. This proves that regardless of social standing, one can achieve what they desire if he or she really wants it. Just as us Americans fought for freedom, Marguerite fought for equality.

A Jew In Germany Or Occupied Europe: :: essays research papers fc

A Jew In Germany or Occupied Europe: This is my diary which I have decided to write, so that I can hopefully relive my youth when I read this when I am an old man. I live in the south of Poland with my family which I adore very much since they mean everything to me. We have a small family business, a small shop, which supplies us with enough money to get by on during these hard times since the slump nearly five years ago. Life is hard but rewarding at the moment, soon there will be a new member to the family, since my wife is expecting our second child. I hope one day to see my children grow up and carry on the business which I started nearly eight years ago in 1927. Today I received a letter from my sister Erika, who lives in Germany. She too followed the family tradition and set up her own shop in Germany with her husband, but in this letter she seems to be very distressed and worried. She says that life has started to become very difficult since 1933. There has been a new ruling body installed in Germany called NAZI and according to her newspapers it is led by a hero, who has come to save Germany; Adolf Hitler. These Nazis oppose our jewish religion greatly; nearly everybody does, but this is a new strain of hatred that I have no seen before. In letter she states that some new anti-semitic rules called "The Nuremburg Laws" came into effect just this month which will practically sign her business' death warrant. Over the pass year her shop has been fire bombed several times and even her distressed children are receiving threats from kids their own age. Her husband has even been assaulted by brown shirted thugs belonging to this Nazi party. I hope she will write soon because I think she will not be able to cope with any more of this harassment. There is an air of uncertainty of the frost bittern streets of our city. We are currently celebrating "Chunakah", the festival of Light which coincides with Christmas. These celebrations are now hollow to us, hollow with the emptiness of absent relatives. Many of my friends like me are worried for our loved ones in Germany and Czechoslovakia. The Nazi power in Germany has grown like an petty acorn to a giant oak tree. There are daily reports in our papers about increased pogroms against our fellow jews and families in Germany. My family and I are very worried about my sister.

Week 3 Acct2522

ACCT2522 Management Accounting 1 Session 1, 2013 Tutorial Week 3 – Cost basics Overall Theme We will explore fundamental assumptions of cost functions and discuss the relationships between cost behaviour, cost estimation and cost prediction. The concept of cost driver analysis and its application to cost estimation and cost management will also be discussed. We will also describe how to estimate cost behaviour using managerial judgment, engineering methods and other quantitative techniques. Desired Learning Outcomes and Essential Reading Langfield-Smith, K. , H. Thorne, and R. W. Hilton (2012).Management Accounting 6e: Information for Managing and Creating Value, 6th ed, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. (Hereafter referred to as LS) †¢ Chapter 2 †¢ Chapter 3 (include Appendix 3 portion on â€Å"Evaluating the regression equation† p. 108109) TOPIC 3 COST BASICS After completing this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Why are costs important? Wh at does ‘different costs for different purposes’ mean? Understand and apply various classifications of costs. Understand cost drivers and the role of cost driver analysis. Describe and apply the activity hierarchy of costs and cost drivers.Explain the relationships between cost estimation, cost behaviour and cost prediction. Understand and apply various methods for cost estimation. Understand some practical issues faced in estimating cost functions. 1 Tutorial Questions (must be prepared prior to the tutorial) Question 1: Langfield-Smith, Chapter 3, Case 3. 41 Parts Q3-8 only Please note that all numbers in the cost functions should be rounded off to 2 dec places. Excel regression outputs are as follows: Part 1: If only patient load is considered as a determinant of administration costs, a simple regression can be used, utilising Excel.The output is reproduced below. Regression Statistics Multiple R 0. 927088078 R Square 0. 859492304 Adjusted R Square 0. 824365379 Stand ard Error 401. 9749382 Observations 6 ANOVA df Regression Residual Total 1 4 5 Coefficients Intercept Patients 6 181. 36646 3. 838509317 SS 3 953 664. 596 646 335. 4037 4 600 000 Standard error 730. 0175478 0. 775999898 MS 395 3665 161583. 9 F 24. 468191 Significance F 0. 00778042 t Stat 8. 467422 4. 946533 P-value 0. 0010661 0. 0077804 Lower 95% 4 154. 51281 1. 6839882 Upper 95% 8 208. 220107 5. 993030436Part 2: When both patient load and the number of emergency procedures are considered as determinants of administrative cost, a multiple regression must be used. Utilising Excel, the regression statistics are reproduced below. Regression Statistics Multiple R 0. 92919029 R Square 0. 86339459 Adjusted R Square 0. 77232432 Standard Error 457. 669779 Observations 6 ANOVA Regression Residual Total df 2 3 5 SS 3 971 615. 12 628 384. 8797 4 600 000 MS 1 985 808 209 461. 6 F 9. 480532 Significance F 0. 05048959 Standard Lower Coefficients Error t Stat P-value 95% Intercept 5943. 98625 1161 . 190869 5. 18871 0. 01443 2 248. 558665 Emergency 24. 9140893 85. 10570782 0. 292743 0. 788799 -245. 930256 Patients 3. 80756014 0. 889819838 4. 279024 0. 023443 0. 975756281 Upper Lower Upper 95% 95. 0% 95. 0% 9 639. 414 2 248. 5599 639. 414 295. 7584 -245. 932 95. 7584 6. 639364 0. 975756 6. 639364 2 Question 2: Refer to Beth and Jessie’s ice cream factory from the tutorial last week. Please assume that in addition to chocolate chip ice-cream, Beth and Jessie have expanded their operations to produce Extra Chewy Cookie Dough ice-cream and Super Creamy Strawberry Cheesecake ice-cream. They hired semi-retired chef on a project-by-project basis to help develop these two flavours; and he is currently experimenting with another new flavour – Very Juicy Mango Delight. We further assume that the processes are exactly the same to manufacture all three types of ice-creams, except that different flavours and different â€Å"extra ingredients† are added. A. Please give examples of the following: Cost object = A box of ice-cream. 1. A unit level cost 2. A batch level cost 3. A product level cost 4. A facility level cost B. For each of the your examples, 1. Suggest a potential cost driver 2.Classify the cost as manufacturing or non-manufacturing 3 Self Study Questions and Solutions (complete in your own time) 1. 2. 3. 4. LS, Chapter 2, Self-Study problem 1. LS, Chapter 2, Review Question 2. 7 LS, Chapter 3, Question 3. 34. Mowen, Chapter 3, Question 3. 10. (Note: You are not required to run a regression, the output table is provided below. 4 Self Study Questions and Solutions (complete in your own time) 1. LS, Chapter 2, Self-Study problem 1. Solution is on p. 61-62 with the following amendments: 4) Answer should a, and h. (Sales and marketing are often used interchangeably. 7) Answer should be a, and NOT b. (The word-processing equipment is used for administration purposes and should not be inventorised. ) 9) Answer should be a, and either g or h. (If the new product packaging is designed to attract customers’ attention and increase sales, the cost of material can also be considered a marketing cost. ) 2. LS, Chapter 2, Review Question 2. 7 When analysing cost behaviour the ‘level of activity’ refers to the level of work performed in the organisation. The activity generally causes the cost and, for this reason, the level of activity is often referred to as the level of cost driver.Activity can be expressed in many different ways, including units produced, number of machine hours, number of direct labour hours, number of transactions, kilometres driven, kilowatts used, pages printed, number of set-ups, number of engineering hours and so on. 3. LS, Chapter 3, Question 3. 34. Answers to this question will vary. Rather than looking for a right answer, students should seek an understanding of the concepts. 1. Given that a full-time technician is hired, this component of the cost is a fixed cost.The additional c ost of repairs by the local dealer may be related to the number of instruments used in the school, or number of hours of instruction. A semi-variable cost. 2. The number of audit hours is a cost driver, which, in turn may be related to the number of students (influencing the number of transactions. ) A variable cost. 3. No cost driver – a fixed cost; step-fixed cost if the number of students grew beyond the ability of existing admin staff to cope and another new staff has to be hired. 4. Number of students enrolled, or number of hours of instruction. Variable cost. . No cost driver i. e. a fixed cost (if annual fixed salary paid) or, (if paid on an hourly basis) the number of hours employed or the number of hours of instruction (i. e. , a variable cost). 6. Number of students enrolled. A variable cost. 7. A fixed cost; no driver. (However, in the long term, the cost of new instruments purchased will drive the depreciation charge. ) 8. Probably fixed; no cost driver. 9. Number of hours the school is open. A semi-variable cost. 5 4. Mowen, Chapter 3, Question 3. 10 Note: You may have a slightly different figure due to rounding (e. g. ,  ±1). 6

The Pros And Cons Of Equity Financing Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1030 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Equity financing and debt financing are two alternative ways which assisted us to start a business. In addition, equity financing and debt financing were the useful methods when a company lacking of funds for the expansion in order to open a new plant. Equity financing is one of the ways to increase the funds of the business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Pros And Cons Of Equity Financing Finance Essay" essay for you Create order It means that more funds can be obtained by sell their ownership interest to the public in exchange for funds and normally it does not have to be repaid. Equity financing are not refers to the owner itself put in the money into the business but the third party investors. Generally, the third party investors included public shares and also preference share. Examples for public share are venture capitalists and angel investors whereas for preference share are friends and family, employee and so on can be uses equity financing as a source of funding. (Jose Valdez, July 2005) Pros and Cons of Equity Financing The advantage of using equity financing is the owner of the business is unnecessary to take out the money and invest to the company because the business already has enough sources of funds from the investors. For instance, such investors like venture capitalists, they do not expected to get an immediate return on their investment but they looking for the growing potential of business which may increasing the investment value in the future. For the angel investors, they are slightly different to the venture capitalists. Angel investors are less aggressive and tend to be one or more investors. Their investment to the business is in the form of loan that secured by the equity. (Thomas Ajaya, Dec 2010) The disadvantage of the equity financing is the owner of the business has to pay back the interest for the investors. It means that the profit of the business is being share among the owner and the investors. And the business owner may probably lose completely control and autonomy of the business because equity financing is depends on ratio of the investment between the owner and the investor. If the investment of the investor is more than the owner then the owner of the business may take risk to lose the autonomy of the business. (Rosemary Peavler) Debt Financing Debt financing, in the other words, is another type form of loan. In simple words, debt financing is some kind of borrowing action from a lender or investor that must be repaid with interest with certain fixed amount in the future and it does not dilute the ownership of the company. Instead of that, the charges of interest rate on the borrowed funds also proportionally reflect the level of risk that the lender might be face by provided funds. For instance, most of the lender or investor, they will charged a higher interest rate of a new start up company compared to the company which has shown a profit for several years. There are several types possible methods for debt financing are available for small business such as private placement of bonds, convertible debentures, industrial development bonds, and leveraged buyouts. Besides, Debt financing also can be classified in short-term which has a maturity shorter than two years, long-term which has a maturity longer than one year o r a credit line for more immediate borrowing needs. For most of the methods that have been mentioned above, they are admitted by the co-signers, guaranteed by the government, or secure by the collateral. Pros and Cons of Debt Financing Like the equity financing, debt financing also has both advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is that a greater degree of financial freedom is provided for debt financing business owner if compared to the equity financing. When the borrower has no further claim on the business, the loan repayment period are limited for debt obligations. Whereas for the equity financing, the investorsacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ claim does not end until their stock are completely sold off. In addition, a debt that paid on time can increase a businessacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s credit rating and can be making it easier to obtain other types of financing in the future. Furthermore, debt financing tends to be more expensive over the short-term, and less expensive over the long-term when compared to equity financing. On the other hand, the main disadvantage of debt financing is that the regular monthly payment of principal and interest of the loan are required. It mean that, when a business is in shorta ge, meaning that the business are facing the cash flow problem which are could cause the business unable to making payment for loan to the borrower and the penalties for late or missed payment were charged due to the late or missed payment. When the business fails to making payment on time, it may adversely affect the businessacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s credit rating and its ability to obtain future financing. Finally, the amount of fund for a small business may be obtain through debt financing is possible to be limited and it may caused them need to use other sources of financing at the same time as well. Recommendation For the business like IFCA Sdn Bhd which is a medium sized manufacturing company that is more suitable to use debt financing compared to the equity financing. Since the IFCA Company is in form of Sdn Bhd, because it cannot issue public shares to get the funds so that the easier way that could get fund from others is using debt financing. Besides, if the IFCA Sdn Bhd is using debt financing although it needs to repay loan for several years but it bring the benefit to the company which is tax deductible because of the payment of loan interest. In overall, debt financing is considered a valuable option for IFCA Sdn Bhd to begin their business. But if there is carrying too much debt for the company will affect the businessacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s credit rating and its ability to obtain future financing and may cause the business to encounter severe cash flow problem. Therefore, it is best to use combination of different form of financing to spread out the risk and facilitate future fundin g efforts.